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- Date: Thu, 2 Jul 92 16:53:22 -0400
- From: dmilne@KEAN.UCS.MUN.CA
- Subject: elem IG Lesson #11A
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
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-
-
-
- A chairde(an),
-
- Here is Lesson #11. It presents some idioms with "le" which
- require use of the second of Irish' two verbs "to be". Thus, this
- lesson is an excuse to introduce this verb and get a little more
- practice in using prepositions with nouns and pronouns.
-
- Beidh sport agaibh,
- Dorothy
-
- .....................................................................
-
- Corrections, comments, and queries can be sent to me at
-
- "dmilne@kean.ucs.mun.ca"
-
- .....................................................................
- LESSON #11
-
- "LIKING AND PREFERRING THINGS"
- "REMEMBERING" "THIS AND THAT"
- ANOTHER VERB "TO BE"
-
-
- I. GRAMMAR
-
- The ideas of liking, preferring, and remembering things are
- expressed in Irish by using idioms of "le" with another verb to
- "be".
-
-
- A. THE VERB "Bí" (TO BE)
-
- Irish has two verbs "to be" (1) Tá and (2) Bí. In this
- lesson, we encounter idioms with "bí" for the first time.
-
- The forms for Bí in the present and past are:
-
- Is [is] am, is, are
- Ní [n'i:] am not, is not, are not
-
- Ba [b@] was, were, would,
- Níor [n'i:r] was not, were not, would not
-
-
- Note: that "is" is not pronounced as it is spelled.
- The "s" is broad, not slender. Thus it is
- pronounced "iss" (not "ish" as the spelling would
- suggest.)
-
- ...............................................................
-
-
- B. LIKING THINGS
-
- To talk about likes and dislikes, we say things are or are not
- "good" with someone: maith [mah] "good"
-
-
- Is maith le... Ba mhaith le ...
- ^ ^
- Ní maith le ... Níor mhaith le ...
- ^ ^
-
- Note that "Ba" and "Níor" cause lenition to the first
- word that follows them. This lenition is an indicator
- of the past tense.
-
- e.g. Is maith le Máire úlla. Mary likes apples.
- Is maith leat oráistí. You like oranges.
- Ní maith leo an leabhar. They don't like the book.
-
- Ba mhaith liom gúnaí. I liked dresses.
- Ba mhaith léi blús dearg. She would like a red blouse.
- Níor mhaith leo an t-iasc. They didn't like (the) fish.
- Níor mhaith libh an loch. You wouldn't like the lake.
-
-
- "Ba" and "Níor" can express either a past tense (liked) or
- a conditional (would like). Context tells you which is meant in a
- sentence.
-
- ..................................................................
-
-
- C. PREFERENCES
-
- To talk about preferences, the same construction is used, but the
- word "fearr" (better) is substituted for "maith" (good):
-
- better fearr [f'a:r]
-
- Is fearr le...
- Ní fearr le...
-
- e.g. Is fearr le M/aire úlla. Mary prefers apples.
- Ní fearr liom an scoil eile. I don't prefer the other school.
-
-
- To express a preference for one thing over another, use
- "ná" where English would use "to" or "than":
-
- Note that ná "than" is pronounced [na:]
- c.f. na "the" " " [n@ ]
-
-
- e.g. Is fearr le M/aire úlla ná oráistí.
- Mary prefers apples to oranges.
- Mary likes apples better than oranges.
-
-
- ...............................................................
-
- D. REMEMBERING
-
- This phrase with "cuimhin" [kiv'@n'] is used for "remembering"
- things:
-
- Is cuimhin le ... Ba chuimhin le ...
- ^ ^
- Ní cuimhin le ... Níor chuimhin le ...
- ^ ^
-
- Is cuimhin liom an t-am. I remember the time.
- Ní cuimhin leat an áit. You don't remember the place.
- Ba chuimhin leis an mbuachaill an carr. The boy remembered (would
- remember) the car.
-
- .................................................................
-
- E. THIS AND THAT, HERE AND THERE
-
- The words for "this" and "that" and for "here" and "there" are
- related:
-
- (i) here anseo [@ns'o]
- there ansin [@ns'in']
-
-
- Note: both of these words are stressed on the second
- syllable.
-
-
- (ii) To use "this" and "that" with a noun, say the
- article ( "an" or "na"), then the noun, and then the word
- for "this" and "that":
-
- seo [s'o] this
- sin [s'in'] that
-
- e.g. an rud seo this thing
- an rud sin that thing
-
- na rudaí seo these things
- na rudaí sin those things
-
- -------------------------------------------------
-
- II. VOCABULARY
- Plurals
-
- banana banana [b@nan@] A
- beach trá (f) [tra:] D
- cherry silín [s'il'i:n'] A
- ice cream reoiteog [r'o:t'o:g] B
- sheep caora (f) [ki:r@] caoirigh
- strawberry sú talún [su: talu:n] sútha talún
- weed fiáile (f) [f'i@l'@] A
- work obair (f) [ob@r'] oibreacha
-
- good maith [mah]
- better fearr [fa:r]
-
- here anseo [@ns'o]
- there ansin [@ns'in']
- this seo [s'o]
- that sin [s'in']
-
- that (which) a [@]
- than ná [na:]
- good maith [mah]
- better fearr [f'a:r]
- ----------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- III. EXERCISES
-
-
- Translate into English
-
- 1. Is maith linn an leabhar a bhí ag Péig.
- 2. Is fearr leis an mbuachaill reoiteog ná císte.
- 3. Ní maith leo an obair sin mar tá sí deacair.
- 4. Ní cuimhin liom an áit sin mar ní raibh mé ansin.
-
- Translate into Irish
-
- 5. You like cherries and bananas.
- 6. Mary likes the cat. Anne prefers the dog.
- 7. I would like apples in the cake.
- 8. Sheep don't like dogs.
- 9. She doesn't like a mouse in the house.
- 10. They didn't like this city.
- 11. He prefers cars to bicycles.
- 12. We like the beach better than the forest.
- 13. Tim likes bananas but he doesn't like strawberries.
- 14. The farmer didn't like weeds in the field.
- 15. The girl remembers the letters to the boys.
- 16. You (pl) would like a new car.
- 17. You (sg) don't like sugar in the tea.
- 18. The girls prefer John to the other teachers.
- 19. He succeeded because he remembered the lesson.
-
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